A Suspicious Breast Lesion Detected by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Pathologically Confirmed as Capillary Hemangioma: a Case Report and Literature Review

Breast capillary hemangioma is a type of benign vascular tumor which is rarely seen. Little is known about its presentation on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Here, we describe a case of suspicious breast lesion detected by DCE-MRI and pathologically confirmed as capillary hemangioma. Our case indicates that a small mass with a superficial location, clear boundary, and homogeneous enhancement on DCE-MRI indicates the possible diagnosis of hemangioma, whereby even the lesion presents a washout type curve.

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) C and VEGF receptor 3 in non-small cell lung cancer / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGFR-3 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples of 76 NSCLC cases with the neighboring noncancerous tissue were studied using anti- VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 and CD34 antibodies. Assessment of lymphatic vessel density and microvessel density (MVD) were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>VEGF-C expression in NSCLC was associating with the differentiation of tumor cells (P = 0.009). Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008 and P = 0.013 respectively) and lymphatic invasion (P = 0.027 and P = 0.020 respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between VEGF-C in cancer cells and VEGFR-3 in lymphatic endothelial cells (P = 0.009). The number of lymphatic vessels (P = 0.006) and microvascular (P = 0.046) in VEGF-C positive tumors was significantly larger than in VEGF-C-negative tumors. Lymphatic vessel density was closely related to lymph node metastasis (P = 0.010), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.019) and clinical stages (P = 0.015). MVD was closely related to blood metastasis (P < 0.001) and clinical stages (P < 0.001). Patients with positive VEGF-C expression had a worse prognosis than those with a negative VEGF-C expression (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VEGF-C/VEGF-D in NSCLCs, are related to lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis, as well as to the occurrence and the development of lung cancers. VEGF-C promotes intratumoral lymphangiogenesis via VEGFR-3, resulting facilitated invasion of cancer cells into the lymphatic vessels. VEGF-C expression can be a useful predictor of poor prognosis in NSCLC.</p>